What is the most significant consequence of untreated atrial fibrillation?

The most significant consequence of untreated atrial fibrillation is thromboembolism. Atrial fibrillation is characterized by disorganized electrical activity in the atria, leading to ineffective atrial contractions. As a result, blood flow in the atria may become sluggish, particularly in the left atrial appendage, where blood clots can form.

These clots can dislodge and travel through the bloodstream, potentially causing a thromboembolic event such as a stroke. The risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation is significantly higher compared to those without this condition, making thromboembolism a critical concern that must be addressed in management strategies.

While other consequences, like rapid heart rate, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure, can occur as a result of the arrhythmia, the immediate and life-threatening risk posed by thromboembolic events makes it the most significant consequence of untreated atrial fibrillation.